{"id":2282,"date":"2021-07-15T09:08:55","date_gmt":"2021-07-15T15:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2282"},"modified":"2025-07-04T07:25:34","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T13:25:34","slug":"peru-un-estado-nacion-bicentenario-que-no-pudo-ser-para-las-grandes-mayorias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2282","title":{"rendered":"Per\u00fa, un Estado naci\u00f3n bicentenario que no pudo ser para las grandes mayor\u00edas"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2284\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2284\" style=\"width: 448px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2284\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?attachment_id=2284\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/imagen-qhero.jpeg?fit=448%2C640&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"448,640\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"imagen qhero\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Originario del Tawantinsuyo. Internet&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/imagen-qhero.jpeg?fit=448%2C640&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2284\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/imagen-qhero.jpeg?resize=448%2C640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"448\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/imagen-qhero.jpeg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/imagen-qhero.jpeg?resize=210%2C300&amp;ssl=1 210w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/imagen-qhero.jpeg?resize=105%2C150&amp;ssl=1 105w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2284\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Originario del Tawantinsuyo. Internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">A finales del siglo XIX, el Presidente Ram\u00f3n Castilla intent\u00f3 emancipar a los originarios y campesinos, pero no lo dejaron. Casi un siglo despu\u00e9s, el Presidente Velasco Alvarado, hizo el mismo intento, pero, igual, fracas\u00f3. Ahora, Pedro Castillo promete ciudadanizar\u00a0 a las grandes mayor\u00edas del Per\u00fa, veremos\u2026<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El pr\u00f3ximo 28 de julio, las instituciones p\u00fablicas y las autoridades del Per\u00fa realizar\u00e1n diferentes actos c\u00edvicos conmemorando los 200 a\u00f1os de la \u201cgesta libertaria\u201d de aquel 28 de julio de 1821, cuando el gaucho europeo, Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn, proclam\u00f3 la \u201cindependencia del Per\u00fa\u201d. De aquella \u201cfiesta heroica\u201d las grandes mayor\u00edas del entonces Virreinato del Per\u00fa, no participaron.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u00bfIndependencia de qui\u00e9n?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2286\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2286\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2286\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?attachment_id=2286\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/nin%CC%83o-quechua.jpeg?fit=700%2C950&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"700,950\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Perfection V800&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1484586227&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"nin\u0303o quechua\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Ni\u00f1o quechua. Internet&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/nin%CC%83o-quechua.jpeg?fit=700%2C950&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2286\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/nin%CC%83o-quechua.jpeg?resize=700%2C950&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"950\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/nin%CC%83o-quechua.jpeg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/nin%CC%83o-quechua.jpeg?resize=221%2C300&amp;ssl=1 221w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/nin%CC%83o-quechua.jpeg?resize=111%2C150&amp;ssl=1 111w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2286\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ni\u00f1o quechua. Internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fue la independencia ma\u00f1osa de los hijos de espa\u00f1oles nacidos en el Per\u00fa (criollos) para hacerse del poder y evitar pagar impuestos a la Corona espa\u00f1ola. S\u00ed. Los criollos le quitaron el poder a sus padres espa\u00f1oles para no pagar impuestos, igual como evaden el pago de impuestos ahora. Y, una vez en el poder, impusieron un colonialismo interno virulento sobre los pueblos originarios.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los criollos jam\u00e1s pensaron en un proyecto de una comunidad pol\u00edtica imaginada (Naci\u00f3n). Por ello, jam\u00e1s reconocieron, ni promovieron, la cualidad de ciudadan\u00eda universal para todas las y los habitantes del Per\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A finales del siglo XIX, el Presidente Ram\u00f3n Castilla intent\u00f3 emancipar a los originarios y campesinos, pero no lo dejaron. Casi un siglo despu\u00e9s, el Presidente Velasco Alvarado, hizo el mismo intento, pero, igual, fracas\u00f3. Ahora, Pedro Castillo promete ciudadanizar\u00a0 a las grandes mayor\u00edas del Per\u00fa, veremos\u2026<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u00bfSomos independientes en el Per\u00fa las y los originarios y campesinos?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1600\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1600\" style=\"width: 425px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1600\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?attachment_id=1600\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/unnamed.jpg?fit=425%2C420&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"425,420\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"unnamed\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Bandera en el rostro de una mujer. Internet&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/unnamed.jpg?fit=425%2C420&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1600\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/unnamed.jpg?resize=425%2C420&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"425\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/unnamed.jpg?w=425&amp;ssl=1 425w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/unnamed.jpg?resize=300%2C296&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/unnamed.jpg?resize=150%2C148&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/unnamed.jpg?resize=88%2C88&amp;ssl=1 88w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1600\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bandera en el rostro de una mujer. Internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No. Ni tan siquiera somos ciudadanos. En el Per\u00fa bicentenario, el originario o campesino que desee ser admitido como ciudadano peruano, aunque sea de segunda o quinta categor\u00eda, debe abandonar su identidad, su esp\u00edritu, su idioma, su legado cultural ancestral. \u201cDebe hacerse mestizo\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El ciudadano peruano debe hablar el castellano, estudiar ciencias positivas, rendir reverencia y reconocer como h\u00e9roes a los violadores y asesinos de sus abuelas y abuelos. Es decir, el originario o campesino, para ser cualificado como peruano, debe dejar de ser ind\u00edgena o campesino.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En el Per\u00fa bicentenario, el originario o campesino no es ciudadano. Por eso, en dos siglos de Rep\u00fablica, siendo el Per\u00fa mayoritariamente ind\u00edgena y campesina, jam\u00e1s tuvo un gobernante ind\u00edgena.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En los hechos, las grandes mayor\u00edas sociales del Per\u00fa no son ciudadanos, ni son independientes. Suficiente observar la vergonzosa actitud racista del Per\u00fa oficial lime\u00f1o actual que se niega a reconocer, no s\u00f3lo al campesino que gan\u00f3 elecciones presidenciales 2021, sino cuestiona la validez universal del voto indocampesino frente al voto del lime\u00f1o acriollado.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u00bfEl himno, la bandera\u2026 representan a los pueblos del Per\u00fa?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No hay mayor farsa para los pueblos que ense\u00f1arles a cantar a sus hijos: \u201cSomos libres, seamos lo siempre\u201d cuando, en los hechos, el pa\u00eds jam\u00e1s se emancip\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los criollos se emanciparon de pagar tributos, pero entregaron el pa\u00eds a la tiran\u00eda inglesa, luego norteamericana, y ahora, a las garras de las empresas transnacionales. Y simult\u00e1neamente aplicaron un colonialismo interno letal, incluso peor que durante la Colonia espa\u00f1ola, contra los pueblos originarios y campesinos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Per\u00fa consta de much\u00edsimo m\u00e1s que 54 pueblos, con colores y matices como el arco\u00edris. Pero, la bandera criolla peruana es bicolor: roja y blanca.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los criollos pusieron el color blanco en el centro de su bandera para exponer, idealizar y convencer a sus \u201cs\u00fabditos\u201d que el \u201cser blanco\u201d es lo ideal, lo deseado, lo puro.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El blanco debe estar siempre en el centro y en lo m\u00e1s alto del Per\u00fa. De all\u00ed viene, la capitalizaci\u00f3n de la blanquitud de la piel\u2026 \u00a1Por eso el peruano promedio sue\u00f1a con ser blanco, o por lo menos ser blancoide\u201d. Es la apolog\u00eda simb\u00f3lica del racismo peruano.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El color rojo flanquea por los lados al color blanco en la bicolor peruana anunciando la necesariamente complementariedad entre el blanco y la violencia. Y, efectivamente, para los pueblos originarios y campesinos, el blanco y la violencia son los males siamesas de la Rep\u00fablica criolla. El color blanco representa al gamonal, y el color rojo al l\u00e1tigo sanguinario.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quiz\u00e1s esta aproximaci\u00f3n semi\u00f3tica sobre la bandera nacional explique, en alg\u00fan grado,\u00a0 el por qu\u00e9 la reducida ciudadan\u00eda peruana y las instituciones p\u00fablicas son tan racistas en lo cotidiano, y violentos con los pueblos y comunidades que les dan comer.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Per\u00fa, no pudo ser Estado, ni naci\u00f3n para las grandes mayor\u00edas<\/strong><\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2289\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2289\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2289\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?attachment_id=2289\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mujer-qhero.jpeg?fit=1024%2C680&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,680\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"mujer qhero\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Mujer originaria en camino. Internet&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mujer-qhero.jpeg?fit=800%2C531&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2289\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mujer-qhero.jpeg?resize=800%2C531&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mujer-qhero.jpeg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mujer-qhero.jpeg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mujer-qhero.jpeg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mujer-qhero.jpeg?resize=768%2C510&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mujer-qhero.jpeg?resize=900%2C598&amp;ssl=1 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2289\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mujer originaria en camino. Internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En la actualidad, existen bolsones territoriales y sociales en lo que llamamos Per\u00fa sin la presencia f\u00edsica y real del Estado peruano. El Estado naci\u00f3n moderno se ide\u00f3 para garantizar bienestar para sus habitantes. Pero, en el Per\u00fa actual las grandes mayor\u00edas viven sin derechos, ni oportunidad, cargando sobre sus espaldas obligaciones recargadas, mientras las \u00e9lites derrochan privilegios mayores a los que se conocieron incluso en la Edad Media.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En este sentido, el Estado peruano, para las grandes mayor\u00edas, es simplemente inexistente, aunque s\u00ed muy violento para imponerles obligaciones y despojarlos de sus bienes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dos siglos despu\u00e9s de la vigencia del Estado naci\u00f3n peruano no existe una comunidad pol\u00edtica cohesionada y con identidad propia en el Per\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El falso civismo alime\u00f1ado que se intent\u00f3 imponer en todo el pa\u00eds a fuerza de decretos para cada 28 de julio, es un d\u00e9bil barniz que se cae, por s\u00ed misma, dejando a flor de piel los regionalismos, y aspiraciones silenciadas de autodeterminaciones territoriales, identidades de los pueblos\u2026, entre otros.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En este contexto, el 2021 es y debe ser un motivo para pensar y consensuar entre todos los pueblos y sectores del Per\u00fa el nuevo Estado y la nueva naci\u00f3n de naciones que inyecte sentido e identidad a su ciudadan\u00eda plurinacional que est\u00e1 por nacer, con nuevos s\u00edmbolos, nuevo marco constitucional, nuevas instituciones y nuevos proyectos de vida.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A finales del siglo XIX, el Presidente Ram\u00f3n Castilla intent\u00f3 emancipar a los originarios y campesinos, pero no lo dejaron. Casi un siglo despu\u00e9s, el Presidente Velasco Alvarado, hizo el mismo intento, pero, igual, fracas\u00f3. Ahora, Pedro Castillo promete ciudadanizar\u00a0 a las grandes mayor\u00edas del Per\u00fa, veremos\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95365428,"featured_media":2284,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[696796406],"tags":[696795938,696795870,2032296,696795919,36547,2538714,696795867],"class_list":["post-2282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comunalidad","tag-bicentenario","tag-estado","tag-estado-nacion","tag-estados-bicentenarios","tag-peru","tag-quechuas","tag-racismo"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Per\u00fa, un Estado naci\u00f3n bicentenario que no pudo ser para las grandes mayor\u00edas - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2282\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Per\u00fa, un Estado naci\u00f3n bicentenario que no pudo ser para las grandes mayor\u00edas - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A finales del siglo XIX, el Presidente Ram\u00f3n Castilla intent\u00f3 emancipar a los originarios y campesinos, pero no lo dejaron. Casi un siglo despu\u00e9s, el Presidente Velasco Alvarado, hizo el mismo intento, pero, igual, fracas\u00f3. 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