{"id":2445,"date":"2021-09-16T19:40:03","date_gmt":"2021-09-17T01:40:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445"},"modified":"2025-07-04T07:22:32","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T13:22:32","slug":"retos-de-los-paises-bicentenarios-pero-milenarios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445","title":{"rendered":"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2447\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2447\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2447\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?attachment_id=2447\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"960,640\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-2447 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?resize=800%2C533&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?w=960&amp;ssl=1 960w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?resize=900%2C600&amp;ssl=1 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2447\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comunidades en resistencia. Protestas contra el bicentenario. Internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">El bicentenario, para las \u00e9lites econ\u00f3micas, pol\u00edticas, militares, religiosos, incluso ind\u00edgenas, significa independencia. Para los pueblos originarios, afros, campesinos\u2026, significa dos siglos de colonialismo interno.<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><!--more-->El a\u00f1o 2021, M\u00e9xico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Per\u00fa conmemoran el bicentenario de su \u201cemancipaci\u00f3n\u201d de la Corona espa\u00f1ola. El 15 de septiembre de 1821 fue el d\u00eda hist\u00f3rico de la firma del \u201cActa de la Independencia\u201d en el caso de los pa\u00edses centroamericanos y M\u00e9xico. Per\u00fa, lo hizo el 28 de Julio de 1821.<\/p>\n<p>En el caso de Centroam\u00e9rica fue un acto \u201camistoso\u201d de transferencia de mando hereditario de espa\u00f1oles a criollos. En el caso de Per\u00fa, hubo guerra donde elites militares de espa\u00f1oles y criollos empujaron a los abor\u00edgenes a matarse entre s\u00ed en nombre de una \u201clibertad que nunca les lleg\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>En estos pa\u00edses, el bicentenario activa diferentes emociones y razones en sus habitantes, muy a pesar del esfuerzo de \u201cciudadanizaci\u00f3n\u201d que los respectivos estados realizaron por dos siglos.<\/p>\n<p>El bicentenario, para las \u00e9lites econ\u00f3micas, pol\u00edticas, militares, religiosos, incluso ind\u00edgenas, significa independencia. Para los pueblos originarios, afros, campesinos\u2026, significa dos siglos de colonialismo interno.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guatemala y El Salvador, 15 de Septiembre con protestas y sentimientos encontrados<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"v-fOywneH8-1\" class=\"video-player\"><iframe title='Reproductor de video VideoPress' aria-label='Reproductor de video VideoPress' width='800' height='450' src='https:\/\/videopress.com\/embed\/fOywneH8?hd=1&amp;cover=1&amp;loop=0&amp;autoPlay=0&amp;permalink=1&amp;muted=0&amp;controls=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;useAverageColor=0&amp;preloadContent=metadata' frameborder='0' allowfullscreen data-resize-to-parent=\"true\" allow='clipboard-write'><\/iframe><script src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/video\/assets\/js\/next\/videopress-iframe.js'><\/script><\/div>\n<p>En El Salvador, pa\u00eds geogr\u00e1ficamente m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o de Centroam\u00e9rica, bajo el gobierno de un millennials ttwitero como es el Presidente Nayib Bukele, la gente sali\u00f3 a las calles a protestar contra lo que consideran la imposici\u00f3n de la moneda bitc\u00f3in y en defensa del \u201corden democr\u00e1tico\u201d de la Rep\u00fablica que \u201ccorre serio riesgo por las inconstitucionales intenciones reeleccionistas de Bukule\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>En el caso de Guatemala, pa\u00eds multicultural, con cerca del 50% del total de su poblaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena\/originaria, el 15 de septiembre estuvo disputado entre cuatro actores activos y visibles en las redes sociodigitales y en las calles: conservadores, restauradores, destituyentes y constituyentes.<\/p>\n<p>Los conservadores, desde las instituciones p\u00fablicas que controlan y desde sus medios de (des)informaci\u00f3n masiva que poseen, reiteraron discursos y jolgorios sobre la gesta libertaria bicentenaria. Los restauradores, o liberales cuestionados (al igual que conservadores) por sus sistem\u00e1ticos actos de corrupci\u00f3n, discursearon la \u201csoberan\u00eda bicentenaria\u201d en su intento de repeler el \u201ccontrol social\u201d y\/o la supuesta amenaza de \u201crepresalias gringas por corruptos\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Desde las calles, plazas y redes sociales tambi\u00e9n estuvieron muy activos los movimientos destituyentes (que exigen la renuncia del actual gobernante y de la Fiscal General) y constituyentes (que plantean la convocatoria a un proceso de Asamblea Constituyente Popular y Plurinacional para crear el Estado Plurinacional).<\/p>\n<p>Los destituyentes, en su gran mayor\u00eda, integrado por actores de ONG, organizaciones ind\u00edgenas (denominados ancestrales), y otros n\u00facleos urbanos de niveles medio populares. Estos actores aspiran a la restuaraci\u00f3n del \u201corden institucional republicano\u201d, ahora, cooptado por el pacto de corruptos\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Los actores constituyentes, en su gran mayor\u00eda nucleados en el movimiento sociopol\u00edtico CODECA, ocuparon las calles y plazas de 18 ciudades del pa\u00eds protestando contra lo que denominan \u201cbicentenario criollo\u201d y proponiendo la convocatoria a un proceso de Asamblea Constituyente Popular y Plurinacional que desde hace una d\u00e9cada atr\u00e1s vienen impulsando desde las comunidades rurales, incluso contra el silencio\/invisibilizaci\u00f3n intencional de la prensa corporativa, incluido de las llamadas alternativas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2455\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2455\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2455\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?attachment_id=2455\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n.jpeg?fit=720%2C960&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"720,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Ni\u00f1a maya expuesta como pieza folcl\u00f3rica por una entidad educativa en fiestas bicentenarias de Guatemala. Internet&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n.jpeg?fit=720%2C960&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2455\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n.jpeg?resize=720%2C960&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n.jpeg?w=720&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n.jpeg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n.jpeg?resize=113%2C150&amp;ssl=1 113w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n.jpeg?resize=600%2C800&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n.jpeg?resize=300%2C400&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/241957659_4346864648731850_8011412855434280905_n.jpeg?resize=150%2C200&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2455\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ni\u00f1a maya expuesta como pieza folcl\u00f3rica por una entidad educativa en fiestas bicentenarias de Guatemala. Internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>M\u00e9xico, en buena medida, recuerda o celebra su bicentenario sin mayor efervescencia social gracias a las esperanzas que el actual gobernante Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador le inyecta desde el Ejecutivo. Pero, el colonialismo interno bicentenario que padecen los pueblos originarios en este pa\u00eds contin\u00faa vigente, y los pueblos a\u00fan esperan la llegada del gran d\u00eda de su emancipaci\u00f3n como pueblos.<\/p>\n<p>En el caso del bicentenario Per\u00fa, de igual forma. La efervescencia de protestas sociales contra el \u201cbicentenario\u201d se apacigu\u00f3 gracias a la presencia hist\u00f3rica del primer Presidente Campesino, Pedro Castillo, y de su Primer Ministro Quechua, Guido Bellido. Pero, al igual que en el resto de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios de la regi\u00f3n, los pueblos originarios y campesinos contin\u00faan en condici\u00f3n de colonizados, obligados a peruanizarse para ser admitidos como ciudadanos.<\/p>\n<p>En Centroam\u00e9rica, donde Guatemala marca la diferencia por su poblaci\u00f3n mayoritaria ind\u00edgena originaria, la situaci\u00f3n de colonizaci\u00f3n de los pueblos contin\u00faa vigente, y recargada en esta fase neoliberal.<\/p>\n<p>Quiz\u00e1s Nicaragua sea la excepci\u00f3n, pa\u00eds donde cerca del 30% de las tierras del pa\u00eds se encuentra bajo propiedad colectiva de los pueblos originarios de ese pa\u00eds. Pero, en pa\u00edses como Guatemala u Honduras, los pueblos de origen milenario subsisten en situaciones de abandono peores que las de los ganados o plantaciones de las \u00e9lites bicentenarias.<\/p>\n<p>Por donde se mire, mientras pa\u00edses como Palestina o Saharaui lucha por su a\u00f1orada independencia, los pueblos de los bicentenarios estados naciones de Abya Yala repudian las respectivas \u201cindependencias bicentenarias\u201d porque son pa\u00edses independientes colonizados y colonizadores de los pueblos originarios.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El bicentenario, para las \u00e9lites econ\u00f3micas, pol\u00edticas, militares, religiosos, incluso ind\u00edgenas, significa independencia. Para los pueblos originarios, afros, campesinos\u2026, significa dos siglos de colonialismo interno.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95365428,"featured_media":2447,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[696796406],"tags":[696795938,252914,696795960,696795858,783,36547,224354],"class_list":["post-2445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comunalidad","tag-bicentenario","tag-centroamerica","tag-colonialismo-interno","tag-guatemala","tag-mexico","tag-peru","tag-pueblos-originarios"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El bicentenario, para las \u00e9lites econ\u00f3micas, pol\u00edticas, militares, religiosos, incluso ind\u00edgenas, significa independencia. Para los pueblos originarios, afros, campesinos\u2026, significa dos siglos de colonialismo interno.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-09-17T01:40:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-04T13:22:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ollantayitzamna\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ollantayitzamna\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ollantayitzamna\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d7d683451f51a71c7d7c6b4b70437092\"},\"headline\":\"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-17T01:40:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-04T13:22:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445\"},\"wordCount\":900,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"bicentenario\",\"Centroam\u00e9rica\",\"colonialismo interno\",\"Guatemala\",\"M\u00e9xico\",\"Per\u00fa\",\"Pueblos originarios\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Comunalidad\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445\",\"name\":\"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-17T01:40:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-04T13:22:32+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d7d683451f51a71c7d7c6b4b70437092\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1\",\"width\":960,\"height\":640},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?p=2445#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1\",\"description\":\"Susurros del silencio\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d7d683451f51a71c7d7c6b4b70437092\",\"name\":\"ollantayitzamna\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/576387c53cc1a5ef704abf20408627fa3cb969d3f33355a576a2b20d65397362?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/576387c53cc1a5ef704abf20408627fa3cb969d3f33355a576a2b20d65397362?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/576387c53cc1a5ef704abf20408627fa3cb969d3f33355a576a2b20d65397362?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"ollantayitzamna\"},\"description\":\"Soy Tierra que siente, que llora, que ama, que conspira, que sue\u00f1a. Soy wawa (criatura) de la Pachamama.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ollantayitzamna.com\\\/?author=95365428\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1","og_description":"El bicentenario, para las \u00e9lites econ\u00f3micas, pol\u00edticas, militares, religiosos, incluso ind\u00edgenas, significa independencia. Para los pueblos originarios, afros, campesinos\u2026, significa dos siglos de colonialismo interno.","og_url":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445","og_site_name":"Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1","article_published_time":"2021-09-17T01:40:03+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-07-04T13:22:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":960,"height":640,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"ollantayitzamna","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"ollantayitzamna","Tiempo de lectura":"4 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445"},"author":{"name":"ollantayitzamna","@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d7d683451f51a71c7d7c6b4b70437092"},"headline":"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios","datePublished":"2021-09-17T01:40:03+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-04T13:22:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445"},"wordCount":900,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1","keywords":["bicentenario","Centroam\u00e9rica","colonialismo interno","Guatemala","M\u00e9xico","Per\u00fa","Pueblos originarios"],"articleSection":["Comunalidad"],"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445","url":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445","name":"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1","datePublished":"2021-09-17T01:40:03+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-04T13:22:32+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d7d683451f51a71c7d7c6b4b70437092"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1","width":960,"height":640},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=2445#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Retos de los pa\u00edses bicentenarios, pero milenarios"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/","name":"Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1","description":"Susurros del silencio","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d7d683451f51a71c7d7c6b4b70437092","name":"ollantayitzamna","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/576387c53cc1a5ef704abf20408627fa3cb969d3f33355a576a2b20d65397362?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/576387c53cc1a5ef704abf20408627fa3cb969d3f33355a576a2b20d65397362?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/576387c53cc1a5ef704abf20408627fa3cb969d3f33355a576a2b20d65397362?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"ollantayitzamna"},"description":"Soy Tierra que siente, que llora, que ama, que conspira, que sue\u00f1a. Soy wawa (criatura) de la Pachamama.","sameAs":["http:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com"],"url":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?author=95365428"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ollantayitzamna.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/242019222_4241180542665736_7729562072961876759_n.jpeg?fit=960%2C640&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/95365428"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2445"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2458,"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2445\/revisions\/2458"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}