{"id":4408,"date":"2023-11-09T20:03:22","date_gmt":"2023-11-10T02:03:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=4408"},"modified":"2025-07-04T07:22:33","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T13:22:33","slug":"rondas-campesinas-del-peru-de-vigilantes-campesinos-a-sujetos-sociopoliticos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=4408","title":{"rendered":"Rondas campesinas del Per\u00fa, de vigilantes campesinos a sujetos sociopol\u00edticos"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Insignia de poder de las Rondas Campesinas. CUNARC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Las Rondas Campesinas en el Per\u00fa, surgieron ante la ausencia de la seguridad estatal.\u00a0 Nacieron para auto protegerse de la constante asechanza de la delincuencia com\u00fan, en especial el abigeato. Aunque algunos investigadores urbanos anclan el origen de las rondas a la d\u00e9cada de los 70 del pasado siglo, como efecto de la fallida Reforma Agraria de 1969, los mecanismos de proveerse seguridad comunal en el Ande son tan milenarios como las civilizaciones mismas que las poblaron.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Como no pod\u00eda de ser de otra manera, el ausente Estado peruano racista, casi al finalizar la d\u00e9cada de los 80, cuando los grupos subversivos (Sendero Luminoso y Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru) lo acorralaban en el \u00e1rea rural, ech\u00f3 mano de las rondas campesinas. El Ej\u00e9rcito entreg\u00f3 carabinas viejas para repeler el avance de los \u00abterrucos\u00bb. Luego, en 1987, mediante Ley, reconoci\u00f3 a las Rondas Campesinas como estructuras comunitarias para la autoprotecci\u00f3n comunitaria.<\/p>\n

En la Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica de 1993, en el art\u00edculo 149, se le faculta a las rondas el rol de co gestores de la administraci\u00f3n de justicia comunal por parte de las comunidades campesinas y comunidades nativas en sus territorios.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Asamblea regional de Rondas Campesinas. CUNARC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En 2001, el Congreso de la Rep\u00fablica, aprob\u00f3 la Ley de Rondas Campesinas en la que establece: Las Rondas Campesinas son organizaciones comunales, democr\u00e1ticas y aut\u00f3nomas, con personer\u00eda jur\u00eddica propia del derecho privado que velan por sus intereses colectivos e individuales (Art. 2)<\/p>\n

En 2009, la Corte Suprema del Per\u00fa estableci\u00f3 que las facultades de administraci\u00f3n de justicia reconocidos a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas tambi\u00e9n son extensivas a las Rondas Campesinas. Desde entonces, las y los ronderos en asamblea se constituyen en jueces para conocer y solventar los casos que se les presente en su territorio, y cuidando el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos.<\/p>\n

As\u00ed fue como aquellas pr\u00e1cticas comunales de proveerse seguridad comunal (fuera del sistema ordinario), en un Estado racista como es el Per\u00fa, se convirti\u00f3 en una organizaci\u00f3n legalmente reconocida. Y, luego de la guerra victoriosa contra el \u00abterrorismo\u00bb, jur\u00eddicamente las rondas transitaron de ser simples vigilantes a ser jueces con facultades judiciales.<\/p>\n

En la actualidad, seg\u00fan Santos Saavedra, Presidente de la Central \u00danica Nacional de Rondas Campesinas y Urbanas del Per\u00fa (CUNARC), son al rededor de mill\u00f3n y medio de ronderos afiliados, organizados en 12 comit\u00e9s regionales, distribuidos en 22 de las 26 regiones del Per\u00fa.<\/p>\n

De vigilantes comunitarios a sujetos sociopol\u00edticos<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
P\u00f3ster de Unidad Popular. UP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La situaci\u00f3n creciente de la ausencia o retirada del Estado de Derecho de nichos territoriales amplios del pa\u00eds, incluso en o de los territorios urbanos, oblig\u00f3 a las rondas a irradiar su \u00e1mbito organizativo hacia las zonas urbanas, siempre para proveer lo antropol\u00f3gicamente elemental: seguridad\/justicia.<\/p>\n

Pero esta irradiaci\u00f3n organizativa, en el contexto nacional de anomia pol\u00edtico, no fue \u00fanicamente a nivel geogr\u00e1fico o sociol\u00f3gico, sino tambi\u00e9n a nivel de la constituci\u00f3n del sujeto rondero. El rondero, al parecer, ya no ser\u00e1 m\u00e1s \u00fanicamente un vigilante.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Rondas Campesinas y Urbanas en acto p\u00fablico. CUNARC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En los \u00faltimos meses, acelerado con la instauraci\u00f3n y afianzamiento del gobierno de facto actual, las Rondas Campesinas y Urbanas decidieron transitar de ser sujetos sociales a constituirse en sujetos sociopol\u00edticos, con un instrumento pol\u00edtico propio para disputar el poder en las urnas a los gamonales de la pol\u00edtica peruana, y construir un Estado plurinacional. Denominaron a su organizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, Unidad Popular (UP), con la que se preparan para participar en las pr\u00f3ximas elecciones generales del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Se escucha la comunalidad, la plurinacionalidad, la defensa de la Madre Tierra como los elementos centrales del relato ideol\u00f3gico\/filos\u00f3fico de esta nueva organizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica que reivindica, aparte del legado milenario de las comunidades ind\u00edgenas, campesinas y nativas, el repertorio del pensamiento de Tupac Amaru\/Micaela Bastidas, Jos\u00e9 Carlos Mari\u00e1tegui, C\u00e9sar Vallejo, Jos\u00e9 M. Arguedas y otros<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las Rondas Campesinas en el Per\u00fa, surgieron ante la ausencia de la seguridad estatal.\u00a0 Nacieron para auto protegerse de la constante asechanza de la delincuencia com\u00fan, en especial el abigeato. Aunque algunos investigadores urbanos anclan el origen de las rondas a la d\u00e9cada de los 70 del pasado siglo, como efecto de la fallida Reforma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95365428,"featured_media":4416,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Rondas campesinas del Per\u00fa","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[696796406],"tags":[696796253,36547,696796255,696796254],"class_list":["post-4408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comunalidad","tag-cunarc","tag-peru","tag-rondas-campesinas","tag-up"],"yoast_head":"\nRondas campesinas del Per\u00fa, de vigilantes campesinos a sujetos sociopol\u00edticos - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ollantayitzamna.com\/?p=4408\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rondas campesinas del Per\u00fa, de vigilantes campesinos a sujetos sociopol\u00edticos - Ollantay Itzamn\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Las Rondas Campesinas en el Per\u00fa, surgieron ante la ausencia de la seguridad estatal.\u00a0 Nacieron para auto protegerse de la constante asechanza de la delincuencia com\u00fan, en especial el abigeato. 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